House, Henry Clay (Feb 1, 1842 – Dec 20, 1922) by Rose House Neeley & Cora House Mortensen

Henry Clay House
1842 – 1922

[Written by Rose House Neeley & Cora House Mortensen 1940]

Source: http://history.thewatts.net/docs/Henry_Clay_House.html
Used by Permission

Our father, Henry Clay House, son of George Ash House and Mary Davis,
was born in Pittsfield, Pike County, Ill.. [sic] February 1, 1842.
Father was the youngest child in a family of seven children, his mother
passed away when he was six years old. Later his father married again.

Soon after his fathers [sic] death, he and his brother, Adolphus tied
their few belongings in a handkerchief and ran away. They went to their
brother Hyrum's home in Missouri. They lived there and attended school
until father was fourteen years old when he started out to make his own
living. He worked at farming and on the Missouri River running a boat,
hauling freight and passengers up and down the river working at this in
Missouri and Illinois until 1859, when he went from Illinois to Kansas.

With the western greed for new adventure still within him, he joined
the famous expedition to Pike's Peak and was in that vicinity when
Colorado astounded the world with a disclosure of her hoards of
precious metal. With the rush of fortune seekers into the new territory
came a demand for mining machinery and father then entered the
government service as a freighter, transporting with slow going ox
teams the quartz mills to be used in the mines at Leadville Colorado.

In 1861 came the outbreak of the Civil War and with his experience as a
handler of freighting expeditions, father was appointed a government
wagon master with Blunts Army. At the close of the war In [sic] 1864 he
was transferred to western fields of activity, appointed a Captain, and
put in charge of a train of 400 freight wagons plying between the Rocky
Mountains and the Missouri River.

In 1867 father was given the command of a wagon train transporting
condemned army artillery, etc., from Fort Union, New Mexico to Fort
Leavenworth, Kansas, a distance of several hundred miles and through a
region infested with hostile Sioux, Cheyennes, and Kioways Indians.
These munitions, which had been condemned at the close of the war, had
been stored at Fort Union until needed elsewhere, were crated and
loaded upon 400 huge freight wagons each drawn by six mules. During the
journey they had numerous skirmishes with roving bands of redskins
among the chiefs was the noted Satanta, Chief of the Kioways. This
Indian was one of the most adroit foes that the government ever had to
contend with and a sight of his calico colored pony on the distant
horizon was a sure indication of impending trouble.

Upon discovering the proximity of an Indian band, the favorite mode of
defense for the wagon trains, sometimes miles in length, was to at once
assemble in the form of an immense circle, one wagon over lapping the
other. In this manner a huge corral was formed inside of which the
animals, sometimes numbering two or three hundred, could be secured
against a possible attack and the inevitable attempt of the indians to
stampede them. An effort was always made to locate the fortified camp
in the vicinity of a water supply and in the event of a formidable
attack being imminent, sod was cut and built up between the wheels of
the wagons for breastwork.

Upon the arrival of this particular train of condemned ordnance at Fort
Harper, General Custer, who was at that post with a detachment of
soldiers consisting of a company of Infantry and four companies of
Cavalry, seized the wagon train and after unloading the wagons
proceeded to reload with an assortment of merchandise that had been
sent out by the government by train to Fort Harper, to be used in a
prospective treaty with the Sioux and Cheyennes.

The point designated for the conference was at Medicine Lodge Creek
Kansas now In Oklahoma. Father stated that on the morning when
negotiations were commenced, the plains about them as far as the eye
could see were dotted with the lodges and wigwams of the Indians. Fully
6000 Redskins were encamped in the vicinity, and had the treaty
negotiations gone wrong, the comparative handful of soldiers and
plainsmen could easily have been wiped out. The treaty however was
brought to a satisfactory issue and father was detailed to other
sections for duty.

He related incident after incident of his experiences among hostile
Indians, always giving great credit to his associates and fellow
fighters. In one experience when only seven miles from an army fort,
he, with six companions, were surrounded in a ravine and stood the
Indians off until nightfall. One of the party then crawled up the
ravine, eluded the savages and reached the fort in time to bring help
to his hard pressed companions at daybreak.

Father had a record as an Indian fighter, United States Government
Scout, and frontiersman, was warm of heart and genial. His face was
lined with those curious wrinkles that denote a character of iron-will
and a nerve that knows no giving. About the eyes were thin straight
wrinkles which the glare of the broad plains had wrought, and which the
steady ceaseless lookout for the Redman had helped to maintain.

As a government scout, father led Col. Shivington and his regiment of
blue-clad horsemen to the Sand-Creek fight, where every Indian was
killed. Subsequently Col. Shivington was severely censored for his
action in allowing the Redskins no quarter, and a court martial was
ordered. To Washington and to court went Col. Shivington, leading by
the hand a small white boy who had been scalped by the Indians. The
scalp had been replaced by a plaster covering by Army Surgeons, after
soldiers had rescued him in the nick of time, and was hardly healed.
The boy proved a graphic illustration of the cruelty of the indians and
the court martial proceedings against the Colonel were dropped.

The Sand Creek fight followed the Little Blue Nebraska Massacre. About
300 people lost their lives in the Little Blue Massacre, consisting of
settlers and teamsters. The settlers had moved into the Valley one year
before and were scattered over several miles. Men, women and children
were massacred by the indians, and their bodies thrown into the river
and into wells. Five wagon trains were burned and the drivers, about
thirty to the train, were killed in the massacre. The Indians carried
off the wife of Bill Eubanks a settler and a German girl, they held the
prisoners seven or eight months and the government finally had to
purchase them back with presents of beads blankets and other articles.
This massacre was In 1864.

In 1865, Father had charge of a government wagon train from Denver into
the heart of Nebraska. Enroute a heavy snow storm forced him to go into
"dry quarters" for a few days. On the second day of the storm, an
Indian chieftain, with a small son on a horse behind him, rode into
camp and asked for a shelter. Father erected a tent for the chief and
his son, and supplied them with provisions for two days, treating the
old chief as a friend. When time came for the indian and his son to
depart, the old warrior insisted that father take, as payment for his
kindness, a very fine lariat. This father refused to accept, but the
old Chief got the boy to hide the rope in a wagon where it was found
later.

Not long after this, father and his wagoners suddenly ran into a tribe
of Pawnee Indians who took possession of his outfit. The wagons were
unloaded and made ready for burning. Father and his employees were
about to be destroyed. While they were searching father, who had
$800.00 on his person, he caught sight of the aged Indian Chief, who he
had befriended during the snow storm, and suddenly breaking from his
captors, rushed through the crowd and held out his hand. The chief
grasped it and exclaimed "How", jumping up and down in his pleasure at
meeting his friend again. Father explained to the chief that all the
wagons were his and demanded protection. Mounting a log, the chief made
his tribe a long speech, commanding his warriors to reload the wagons
and do no harm to father or his men. The wagons were reloaded and while
the process was going on the chieftain and his three sons smoked the
pipe of peace with father. The chiefs squaw gave him some dried buffalo
meat and the chief sent an escort with the House party through the
dangerous country and in every way expressed his appreciation of the
kindness father had shown him during the snow storm.

In charge of 600 wagons drawn by six mules to the wagon and loaded with
condemned government ordinance, father and his mule teams were
surrounded by a large band of Indians on the Arkansas River, which then
belonged to Colorado, but is now a part of Nebraska. Placing his wagons
and mules in a complete circle and forming an effective barrier to the
redskins attack, father and his companions held their ground and drove
the Indians from the field, without the loss of a man or mule.

While father was in charge of a �Bull Train�, in which is equivalent to
a wagon train drawn by oxen – the Sioux and Cheyennes went into the war
path and burned every mail station between the Rocky Mountains and Blue
River. The stations were burned on the same day and almost the same
hour, the Redskins making a clean sweep.

One time father became alkalied when the Indians cut off the fresh
water supply and had to travel from the Blue River to the Missouri for
relief, a distance of many miles.

In charge of government scouts at Fort Wallace, Nebraska, father went
through one of the most thrilling experiences of his career. He and his
scouts were returning from a scouting expedition when surrounded by
1000 Indians, 25 miles north of the Fort. With the first volley every
scout lost his mount and was left afoot far from succor. In the tall
grass father and his men burrowed like rabbits digging themselves
protecting pits in the sand. They returned the fire of the circling
redskins with interest but, had to husband their ammunition. Night came
on and brought no relief. They were beset by 1000 Indians and were
beginning to experience the gnawing pangs of hunger and thirst.
Something had to be done.

It remained for father to plan a solution of the life and death
problem. He suggested to Joe Lane, his partner in many thrilling
events, that one or the other escape and take word to the Fort, 25
miles away. He left Lane his choice, and Lane chose the task of making
his way to the Fort. He affected his way by crawling snake-like down
the long ravine until out of earsot of the Indians, passing within a
few feet of some of the band. Lane ran almost the entire distance of 25
miles and staggered into the arms of the sentry at the Fort's main
gate. Stimulants were given him and he finally succeeded in telling the
commander of the situation. Out from the Fort, streamed a long line of
soldiers riding like the wind and by daybreak they reached the spot
where father and his scouts were surrounded. The soldiers surprised the
Indians and in the fight that ensued, put them to routs. By shooting
their horses from under them and running them down, the soldiers
succeeded in killing a large number.

For more than six years, Father was closely associated with Wm. F.
Cody, known to fame as "Buffalo Bill". As scout and hunter, they fought
side by side, also rode pony express together out of Atchison Kansas,
for Dave Holliday. Father could relate many passages in the life of
"Buffalo Bill" which have never been written.

When Father was head teamster of wagon trains for the government he met
and became friends with another wagon master named Isaac Haight, he
later went with Issac to his parents home on a vacation visit, he met
Isaac's sister Martha. They at once became very friendly and later were
married April 21, 1865. To this union eleven children were born. They
resided in western Missouri, and Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, until father
was released from government service.

Fathers trips took him from Fort Leavenworth to Texas, New Mexico into
Colorado, Nebraska and Oklahoma. It took from nine months to one year
to make a round trip. On these trains they would always have a doctor
and medicinal supplies which were constantly in demand. On one trip
black small-pox broke out among the teamsters and panic reigned.
Father, being immune, helped nurse the afflicted teamsters. Many lives
were lost another time, when epidemic of Cholera broke out. Father
succumbed to this, he took from his trunk a bottle of Perry Davis pain
killer and drank it, he at once received relief from his terrible
suffering and was able to soon be around. He always said he owed his
life to this medicine.

His thrilling experiences as a scout were not confined alone to Indians
attacks. There were Buffalo stampedes, the prairie country being
covered with great herds of Buffalo. Father and Buffalo Bill had many
exciting times as pony express riders. One of them was hunting the
Buffalo.

After father was released from the government service, he moved with
his wife and two little children on a farm near Winchester, Kansas.
After farming a few years he sold his farm and bought a Hotel and
Livery stable in Winchester, Kansas. He named the hotel "The Henry
House." Father, with the help of mother, made a real success of this
venture.

He was also interested in horse racing, having a racer of his own. He
and mother would always take their children to the County Fair on the
day that Father would enter his horse in the races. We were thrilled to
see Father go dashing by, driving his beautiful horse. They used
sulky's and called them sulky races. He always won at least one race,
and we were very proud of the ribbons his horses won.

The livery business took nearly all of fathers time, making the work at
the Hotel so heavy for mother that her health began to break. So they
sold all their interest here, and in 1881 moved to Garrison, Kansas,
where father ran another livery business, also doing contract work,
building canals, railroad grades, etc. Meeting financial reverses here,
father moved his family to Clay Center, Kansas, continuing contracting
for a living.

Fathers brother Hyrum lived in Utah and for several years he had wanted
the family to come west, so hoping the change would benefit mother's
health, and also help him financially, he sold all his belongings and
moved his family to Corinne, Utah, arriving there in May, 1883. After
visiting at the home of his brother, Hyrum, for a short time, father
decided to remain in Corinne.

After getting his family settled, and getting the necessary equipment,
father and the boys took contracts for building canals, fences and
grading, etc., this work taking him as far south as American Fork. They
also graded and filled in the corner of 25th Street and Washington Ave.
Ogden, Utah, so a carnival could be held there. After three years at
this work father was made foreman of the Promontory Livestock Co. This
company owned land from Connor Springs, on the old Southern Pacific
line, south along the Uintah range of mountains, almost to the point
where the railroad now crosses the Great Salt Lake.

In the summer months, father employed from 18 to 20 men, moving from
farm to farm harvesting hay and grain. The winter months were spent in
feeding cattle, hogs, and repairing fences, harness and machinery. When
this company sold out, Father filed on 160 acres of land six miles from
Corinne. While homesteading this land, mother leased the Hotel at
Promontory Station. When father proved up on this land and built a
house mother moved there with four children.

After mothers death in December 27, 1910, father and the two boys
remained on the farm. His son David married, and Roy drowned November
22, 1913.

The following month father left for Texas where he spent the Christmas
holidays with his sister Delilah Highland, who he had not seen for 30
years. From there he visited friends and relatives in Kansas and
Missouri, Fort Leavenworth and St. Louis. Along the rivers of Kansas,
Texas, and Oklahoma, where he used to chase the Buffalo, great farms,
cities, and industry had grown up as if by magic.

June 16, 1917 father married Kate Manly. Father leased the farm, residing in his home in Corinne.

Politically, Father was a Republican, always voting a straight
Republican ticket. The first time he voted a national ticket, he cast
his vote for Abraham Lincoln, as President of the United States. Father
joined the Masonic Lodge in his youth, and always maintained his
membership in that organization. He was honored at different times in
the lodge, being their principal speaker, on many occasions, also spoke
in the public schools on his scouting experiences.

Father also drove his own automobile. He drove a carload of old people
to the Hermitage in Ogden Canyon for a celebration. He won a prize as
the oldest man driving his car, being then about 78 years old.

Father's health began at this time to fail, and after a lingering
illness passed away December 20, 1922, lacking two months of being 81
years old. His funeral services were held in the Masonic Hall, Dec 24,
1922, and was buried in the Corinne Cemetery. Father was closely
associated with "Buffalo Bill" Cody, "Wild Bill" Hickok, Major Inman,
soldier and poet who wrote the book entitled "The Great Salt Lake
Trail," and many others whose names, like his own, will go down to
posterity as heroes of the west.

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House, Henry Clay (Feb 1, 1842 – Dec 20, 1922) by himself

Henry House Diary written by himself

Henry House born Pike Co. Illinois 1st day of February 1842, parents
George and Mary Davis House. Resided at St Marys Ill. when both parents
died -12 years old when father died. Youngest of eight children, 5
boys, 3 girls. Lived Dr McGuffy family about 3 years bot Cattle and
wagon. Hauled coal from mines at Cloalchester, Ill to railroad cars.
From there went To St Jos. Mo. 1858 Feb. Then to Levanworth, Kansas,
met Bill and Bill Lauelady.

3 hired on pony express. Buffalo Feb 20 – 4 years younger, desegnanted
at different stations. Gov. Agent took House a side whippers to whip up
leaders, followed about 3 month. Big Sandy and Fort Kearney, Neb. Put
on 6 mule overland coach teams. House Atchison, Ka. to big Sandy

Spr 1859
About 3 months. Pike Peak gold excitment and brothers Hyram House and
Adolph House loaded 3 team mules with provisions to Pike Peak. Started
got out 400 miles near Douballs Bluffs in sight of P.P. News came – a
false report "no gold" plains lined with wheelbarrow carts it bound for
Pike Peak saw ox carts "Pike Peak or bust", when news came all turned
back burned sign "Busted by God". Up late at night, Adolph after
buffalo got lost, making bread. Adolph did not come back fired gun and
shot it off, came in daylight. Next day met two boys run away from home
in Iowa. One boy staggered on foot, one had a rifle, wanted something
to eat, feed them. Gave them some to take with them. Those who turned
back out of food and wanted some.

Brother Hyman had been to Cal. Must sell this or they well rob us. Sold
out expect enough To do to get back to Mo. River. Bad hailstorm storms.
Back to Atchison, Kan. Went on Missouri River was engineer on old Black
Hawk mail boat, operated between St. Louise and St Jos. for 2 month
Struck snag boar sank, passenger off.

Then went as assistant pilot on "Emily" passenger boat. 1860 agent and went on plains
Ox team at wagon master, teamster for Irvin Jackman and old time
freighter Leveanwoth, Ka. To Denver. Camped train when union depot is
now in Denver. Sent with 6 of wagons. Cattle Team took quartz mill to
Gregerian Diggins about central city 60 from Denver west.

No wagon roads there took coal ropes and used in letting wagons down
over cliffs of rock with rope nearly sawed tree off. Came back to
Denver empty. Coming back to Mo. River 100 miles west of Nile City,
officer attached train for indebtness. Left team eight men went with
him to Neb. City. Got life boat wen down river to Levenworth, Ka. Boat
shot dead.

Went to work for Gov. driving 6 mules. 1861 At post teams. Sent to Fort
Scott with man named Kerkendolph master of transportation of Ft. Scott.
Made House wagonmaster and gave him mule train.

 

Hauling frieght to Little Rock and other places. And to Blunt Army.
Followed this Army. order back to Fort Scout driving team to Fort
Worth, Tex. Then frieght master under Captain Huskil to get feed for
aminals.

Met again Bill and Bill Haycock were scout for Blunt Army and Jack
Harvey. Out after feed -mule killed, told Bill about it. Bill Cody got
des from Indian and next day, Bill killed one of southern bushwacker.

Put in charge of 400 wagons supply train at Ray Mills at Ark. Deliverying supplies to
Union Soldier. In saddle day and night without sleep at times doing battle Pine Ridge fight Blues -Gen Heinman of So. Army.

Order to Elm Springs dark and rainy, crossed nl. River with outfit.
Buffalo sick brout him to Ft Scott in hospital, when got well Bill and
Jack House as scout company of soldier to Ft. Gibson. When House was
located. At Platte River before reaching Ft. Gibson. Bill came to House
tent and told going to be attached outfit and got trains moving. runing
fight to get away from So. Army

Sent back to Ft. Leavenworth give train to go out west to Ft Union, New
Mexico. made trips, then Bill joined House with team to Ft. Wallace.
Track lay for Union Pacific 15 miles east of Ft. Wallace. To Kill meat
for hands and recommended Bill and he worked at that for 3 months.
House came to Ft Wallace and order them to train company of scouts and
Col Bankhead sent for Henry House to scout for the fort and ask him to
take charge of scouts at $250 month.

Organized men from wood camp six men from train. got outfit fixed up.
Bill with House started out for Gov. Col. Bankhead wanted men to take
dispatch. to Ft Hayes. House and other men went out on trips. Located
Indians and got corralled by Indains. 18 miles north of Ft. Wallace. 39
men with him Joe Lane with him little food and canteen of water. Sent
Joe to Ft. for help hid in sage brush and sand Indians on high ground.
told to crawl up gulch to top and if Indians shot will come to you. Joe
got to fort 18 miles reported House was corralled.

Took him to Officer gave brandy, help went north Lientin Wheeler in
charge with mule teams to follow. Joe came back with team. Soldiers
came up from behind and as Indians went by them and horses shot.
Calavery came up behind and got Indians.

Buffalo Bill came back to Ft. Wallace. Col Bankhead wanted. send
dispatch to Ft Louis. Scout and went on Ark. River. House and Cody with
Spencer Carbines and six shooter with ammunition. Started evening that
night elected star direction. Rested few hours in night. 100 miles away
among sun knolls found 25 indians at rear. Used carbines House shooting
Bill ahead running fight. Then Cody at rear, Bill did shooting
continued for 15 miles could hear bullet whiz by. Came to military road
20 miles east of Ft Larine, came to deep wash out and was prepared for
them. Killed five pony and four indians. As soon as begin killing pony
indians quit. Delivered message to Ft. Louis. Later House got sick
drinking alkali water, sent back to Leavenworth, Kan.. Bill took charge
of scouts.

At Leavenworth, Kan.

Was with private train,. B.F. Ackers 1864. Thomas Doolittle had failed
to get cattle in yoke. Telegraph to House Ft. Scout and ask to take
charge of train to Denver. Accepted.

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House, Henry Clay (Feb 1, 1842 – Dec 20, 1922) by Thomas Pomeroy

DIARY WHEN HENRY HOUSE WAS WAGON MASTER
Dairy of a trip from Levenworth, Kansas to Denver, Colo. in the year
1864 by one of the men Thomas Pomeroy engaged in a train belonging to
B.F. Akers

(Editors note: Henry Clay House was the boss of this train with an
assistant Issac Haight, after completing the trip they both returned to
Weston Missouri where Henry met Martha Adelia Haight)

July 8th
Engaged with a man, Hermann, as night herder.

July 9th
Mr Patterson and three others hired, Herman was asked by one of the men
to get us dinner. He promised to do so but, put us off until we got on
the road to the "Big Stranger" and about 11 o'clock at night he
procured what he called supper at a Dutchman's home on the road, but
such a mess to be called a meal I never saw before. Arrived at camp a
little before day light.

July 10th
After the journey from Levenworth we layed down on the grass and took a
comfortable sleep of about three hours. Wakened by the boss to go to
work fixing bows to the yokes and making bow keys. Patterson and I were
told to take one of the wagon sheets and lie in the wagon.

July 11th
The corral not being ready and the boss away, the lads had it all their
own way, and not having anything better to do, they got drunk. The
herd, which had been kept in all day, was sent out about three o'clock
in the afternoon under Mr. Patterson along, without any assistance. I
had done al the boss left me to do and thinking it too bad for
Patterson to be alone, I went out to assist him.

July 12th
The day was ushered in by occasional sunshine and heavy showers, A man
by the name of John Kelly skedaddled during the night, taking a horse,
saddle, bridle, blankets and clothing belonging to the men. We
commenced yoking today. Today there has been nine men employed and all
the cattle yoked is 26 yokes.

July 13th
During the night there came on a tremendous thunder storm. I was
sleeping in the wagon, the sheet of which leaked like sieve. I
continued lying until the water run in streams under me. I then sat up
close to the wagon bed, put my overcoat over my head and stood it until
morning.

 
July 14th
Started for town in a hurry. Hermann being dismissed by Mr. Akers.
HENRY HOUSE was appointed in his place. Hermann told us that having
hired under him when he was discharged, we were discharged too, and
that if we went to town with him, he would get us our pay. We did so
and he sent us to the Pittsburg house. Just before dark Hermann came to
tell us that we should see Mr. Akers in the morning. A few minutes
after one of the men came and told us that we must come along as we
were to be settled with. We went up the street from the Pittsburg and
in front of a saloon found Hermann who told us to wait there and Mr
Akers would be down directly. He did come and a policeman with him.
Hermann, Akers and the policeman went in and found Kelley, who stole
the horse and other things at the "Stranger", fast asleep. the
policeman walked him off without ceremony although he was a man
continually boasting of what he would do under such circumstances. Like
many another braggart when put to the test, he acted like common
mortals.

July 15th
Went in the morning to see Mr Akers, who very plainly told us if we
wanted to quit we might but that we forfeited our pay. I saw where we
were at once and making a virtue of necessity went to work with as good
a grace as possible. Hermann proved himself to be a real sneak,
borrowing money from the hands whil'st he had plenty in his own pockets
belonging to the employer not intending to settle fair with either one
or the other. During the day all who left the stranger with him
returned to their work except one, who enlisted in to the hundred day
regiment. The horse thief was tried at the Recorder's court, fined
$2.00 for being drunk and remained until Monday to stand his trial for
his theft.

July 16th
Fixing wagons under the direction of T. Dolittle.

July 17 & 18th
Nothing of consequence occurred.

July 19th
Back again to the "Stranger". A good many men here, but most of them
strangers. There was a fight among the men this morning. Some of them
were struck by another with a burning iron and was cut about the head.

 
July 20th
Went down to the river today and saw some men who were looking through
the woods to find a man who was reported as being seen hanging. I
believe they were unsuccessful in their search. Three young gents came
here this evening form Lawrence. When they came here they found they
had lost their halters and a hat taken from them in a tavern in
Lawrence. They thought the occurrence was so cool there must be some
ice in it.

July 21
A good many of the cattle which had been yoked had turned their yokes.
The boys were engaged this morning turning them back again, a very
exciting and rather amusing game. Went today about one mile and a half
to see a coal mine. The parties in charge had made a cellar of the
mouth of the mine and we could not get our curiosity gratified. The
mouth of the pit is small, too small I should think for the purpose.

July 22nd
The boys had been declaiming about yoking cattle for DoLittle, some of
them declaring that they would not yoke his cattle. H. HOUSE OUR BOSS,
has returned from town where he went this morning to learn at what time
the train was to start and says he is to have charge of all the cattle
and both trains and that DoLittle was not to got at all. The boys would
have to yoke up the balance of the cattle (most of the cows) and then
we should start with the whole herd in one train for Denver. As I
expected, those who were the most loud in declaring they would yoke no
more cattle were the first to shout Hur-rah boys. I expect the promise
of the whole herd going in one train is nearly a ruse to get the cattle
yoked.

July 23rd
Began to yoke the cattle but ran short of yokes. The boss went to town
to get more yokes. Witnessed quite a fuss this morning between a
traveler and a tavern keeper. The traveler had broken his axil-tree and
got a rail off the tavern people's fence, who got very angry and used
very insulting language. wanted to charge the traveler 25 cents for the
rail. The traveler was willing to pay but on account of the abuse he
had received would not, but went and bought a rail from another person,
put it on the fence and revolver in hand went to the tavern keeper, who
was eating his breakfast, compelled him to arise from his breakfast and
see that the fence was all right. The tavern keeper pretended to be
satisfied. It was now the travelers turn. Bad as the tavern keeper was
with his tongue the travelers could out do him either as a gentlemen or
a black guard.

 
July 24th
The boss returned from town last night with the yokes and we got the
cattle yoked up today. Bird Ray who is always grumbling says that 19 of
the Missourians are about to leave tomorrow if they do not have their
own way in the train. We shall see whither they do or not tomorrow when
we start for town.

July 25th
Great grumbling continues among the men which was enhanced this morning
by the want of coffee for breakfast. During the night someone stole all
of the coffee, a bag full, worth about $10.00. We started about 10
o'clock and arrived at the camping ground about three o'clock in the
afternoon.

July 26th
We got our out-fit today, some of the boys had the goods they brought in the morning stolen before night.

July 27th
We got hitched to the wagons this morning. One poor fellow, who was
very awkward had a very wild team. Then they started they made a run
for it, he
ran, the boss and assistance ran and after running about awhile the
team was brought up in a ravine, about a quarter of a mile from where
they started, all tangles up. After awhile he was again started all
right but when we got to the outskirts of the town his team ran afoul
of a house, tearing away the corner. the woman of the house ran out,
caught the driver around the neck, begging his to spare her house. She
then followed the boss to get compensation. The
tire ran off the grub wagon. The grub was put into another, the tire of which
ran off. The wagons was then taken to a blacksmith shop to get the tires set so we are tied up again for 3 or 4 days.

July 28, 29, 30th
Lying in camp with nothing to do. The tires are getting set and I suppose we will start tomorrow.

July 31st
The tires are set and we are once more on the go. We corralled about
six miles from Leavenworth. The woman who owned the house which was run
in to last Wednesday followed the train today to see Mr. Akers but
failed in seeing him. after following the train for over a mile she
finally left, giving Mr. Akers and his train a splendid cursing.

Aug 1st
After traveling about sixteen miles we corralled for the night. The herd was in good grass. The night dark and rainy.

 
Aug 2nd
Yoked up the loose cattle today and mad up the full team. Some of the steers are
very wild and one of them came very near hurting two men, making a race at them mouth open and tongue out rearing like a lion.

Aug 3rd
Drove till about 10 o'clock at night. Came on a thunder storm the lighting was very vivid with heavy thunder.

Aug 4th
Was surprised in the morning to have a fresh piece of mutton for
breakfast. Was detained in the morning by the lost of some cattle in
the bush. While waiting for the cattle some of the boys made a raid on
an old man's watermelon patch. the old man made after and they all ran
but one, but they had taken some
melons before the old man had saw them. Saw Topeka the capitol of Kansas from the top of one of the bluffs.

Aug 5th
Started early this morning. Stopped at Indianola where a part of the wagons
were left, the balance of the wagons to be loaded at Topeka. Loaded the
wagon and got through before night. Had great work crossing the Kansas
River and expect it will be worse tomorrow.

Aug 6th
Got all the loading we could get hers and returned to Indianola.
The crossing of the Kansas River was accomplished easier than I
expected. nearly one-third of the train is yet to load, expect to
finish the loading at Gras Hopper. The banks of the Kansas River is
settled by Indians, who, although placed in the midst of a civilized
population does not make that
advance in civilization that one would expect, some of them still adheres to their dress of blankets and breech cloths.

Aug 7th
Some of the men are shelling corn and I believe it is finally determined to finish loading here.

Aug 8th
Shelling corn and finishing loading.

 
Aug 9th
The cattle were driven in early, and just before we started a widow
woman came to camp to ask compensation for the robbery of her hen roost
and garden and with tears, stated that her only substance was by her
own industry. The boss insisted on men paying her $4.00 the amount she
asked. They did so, and one of the men (Big Jim) with an audacity
peculiarly his own, said as he reached her the money "here is a dollar
I just happened to have about me or by G- -.I don't know whether you'd
get it or not".

Aug 10th
We passed the mission house of the Pottowattomes Indians. It is under the
control of the Roman Catholic. The grounds are very prettily laid out.
The garden seems very fruitful. The buildings are a church;, nunnery,
Priests Residence, school house and necessary accompaniments. Arrived
at night at a small village inhabited by indians. Met some Malitia
coming in from the Denver road who say the Indians are committing great
depredations on the Little Blue and the Bis Sandy, that they have
captured several trains and killed and scalped the teamsters.

Aug 11th
We have traveled but 12 miles today on account of delays occasioned by
the going up of a large hill and the crossing of two bridges. The last
bridge we crossed was a very bad one.

Aug 12th
Nothing particular occurred today.

Aug 13th
Arrived at the Vermilion.

Aug 14th
Corralled, after traveling about 8 miles, for breakfast. The weather
very hot, the cattle very tired, very soon after stopping one of the
best oxen lay down and died, melted by the heat. About 100'clock at
night we arrived at Marysville and heard many fearful rumors of the
depredation of the indians. The night herders were ordered not to bring
in the cattle in the morning as we might be obliged to remain here
several days until the boss ascertain what extent the indians
difficulties were and what he was to do with the train.

Aug 15th
The reports current here about the indians are sufficiently alarming,
some say there are fully 6000 of them and well armed. The train will be
detained here for a few days until it can be ascertained whether there
is danger or not. H there is likely that we shall return to Levenworth.

 
Aug 16th
Last night we had continual rain, the reports about the indians are not
going to be relied upon, some stating they are on the road in great
number, others having equal chances of knowing, say there is none on
the road.

Aug 17th
The boss has decided to go on, the consequence is that three men who
have been quarreling with each other a good part of the road, have
agreed at last in leaving the train together losing their wages,
amounting about $40.00 each. the boss has gone to town, when he returns
we expect to go on. He has returned. the accounts are so discouraging,
he has decided to remain two or three days more. Three malitia men, who
had been dispatched after the men who had left the train this morning,
has returned without finding them. Some of the men in camp are very
dissatisfied on account of the boss sending after them. There is about
300 malitia men sent on the road to hunt the indians.

Aug 18th
The report this morning is the men sent to hunt the indians are on
their retreat. some of the men who were out state they were engaged
with fully 500 of them, that they had to retreat. They say that the
indians are well armed with sharp rifles and have a regular train with
them and a howester, and are led by white men, that every ranch between
Big Sandy and Fort Kearney are destroyed, a distance of over 150 miles.
The men are either killed or have run away and that 2 ladies have been
carried away by them. Several trains have been taken and 2 men
belonging to the trains killed. The other train which have gone are
returning and it is supposed that all the ranches and stations from
Kearney to Denver are in the hands of the indians and that it will take
3000 soldier to clear the road this fall.

Aug 19th
The herd today broke into an old Dutchman's corn field and some of the
boys went at night into his mild house, stole the butter, drank the
milk and left their nuisance in the butter jar.

Aug 20th
The report today is that the soldiers are clearing the road and that in
5 days the indians will be entirely off the road and has determined we
hired a Mexican as driver. The boss has to watch him every night to
keep him from leaving.

 
Aug 21st
We are again on the road. Bow long we shall continue going is hard to
determine. crossed the Blue a short distance from Marysville. The
Dutchman into whose field the herd broke on Friday, followed th boss
and compelled settlement which was finally effected for $30.00, the man
having ask for $50.00. Corralled about 2 miles from Marysville. The
malitia are returning from hunting indians in great numbers having
effected nothing. They had seen but one indian, but the report is that
they were within 10 miles of a large encampment which they were afraid
to attack.

Aug 22nd
Nothing of any consequence occurred until near night when a letter was
received from Akers and which was sent to Doolittle and Doolittle
forwarded it on to our boss telling him to be careful and not run onto
unnecessary danger. Arrived late at 17 mile point. There were 2 other
trains laid up here.

Aug 23rd
The men of the other trains heard our night herders last night and
supposing the indians had come ran for their lives and his among the
weeds. Five indians would have taken both trains last night. When we
arrived here we supposed the house was inhabited. This morning found it
had been deserted by the owner in a hurry, and taken possession of but
the teamsters of the other trains. There was some good hogs running
around here when we came but there will be some less when we leave. One
of our men who was rather green was enticed out sniping, another was
frightened by a mask and holes burnt in his blanket.

Aug 24th & 25th
Still lying up and no news.

Aug 26th
Boss went to Rock Creek and found that some trains which had been there had gone on by the Nebraska road.

Aug 27th
We started early for Rock Creek. The boss had gone across the prairie
to find a road leading into the Nebraska road. Shortly after he had
left we met 2 men who informed us the road was open. The assistant went
after the boss and we resumed our journey. When we stopped we got
pretty excited expecting the indians were about to attack us but it was
soon known that the men brought favorable news. Arrived at Rock Creek,
three trains are lying here.

Aug 28th & 29th
Nothing occurred of any consequence.

 
Aug 30th
There is a Dutchman here with a herd which he is taking to Denver in
the Butchering business. The man thought he would try his hand before
he got there. The consequence is that we have fresh beef in our train
today. A mule train started today.

Aug 31st
The Mexican, who had been absent from camp all yesterday, created quite
an Excitement this morning. During his absence from camp he lost 2
shirts, 1 pair of drawers and 7 plugs of tobacco. A search was made.
The shirts and drawers were found, but not the tobacco. Started after
the search across from Rock Creek To the Nebraska road.

Sept 1st
Lost a yoke of cows from herd last night. Crossed a bad bridge this
morning and afterwards the Blue. Arrived at Beatrice this morning at 9
o'clock. There is a water mill here containing a saw and other
machinery for the manufacture of wood. A large Mormon train started
from this mill shortly after our arrival, belonging to Brigham Young.

Sept 2nd
The Mormon train which we were ahead of last night passed us today.

Sept 3rd
Arrived at Salt Creek just as the Mormons were driving out, This is a
very pretty creek. There seems to be a very thriving settlement all
along the bottom of this creek. Got on the Nebraska and Denver road
about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Young Brigham Young in charge of the
Mormon train.

Sept 4th
Detained this morning by the straying from the herd of 10 or 12 head of cattle. it rained heavy during the night.

Sept 5th
Arrived at Cheese Creek last night and found good water and good feed
for herd. Crossed a branch of the Blue on a very bad bridge. The
weather very cold, cloudy and windy. Corralled after traveling some 25
miles.

Sept 6th
The rain which was threatened yesterday came on about 9 o'clock and
rained without intermission for 4 or 5 hours. We corralled the herd
about midnight stopped at noon at Beaver Creek, got some ripe grapes
and met some trains returning from Denver who say the indians are
troublesome the other side of Fort Kearnery, but we can go through
without difficult if we are careful.

 
Sept 7th
Nothing particular except the scarity of water, some of the mese not having any to use.

Sept 8th
Started early. The Mormon train ahead saw hundreds of prarie dogs in their town.

Sept 9th
We struck the Platte river 2 hours before night. The water appears wholesome and clear, the bed of the river sandy.

Sept 10th
The ranches we passed today are mostly deserted for fear of indians.
Some of the boys got some tomatoes at one of these deserted ranches
which they were in the sum of $3.00. Pretty good for half a dozen
tomatoes.

Sept 11th
Arrived at noon at a little village called Dauby town about 15 miles
from Ft. Kearney. It was reported that this village had been taken by
the indians. camped at night about 5 miles from Ft. Kearney.

Sept 12th
The Mormon train still accompanies us. We arrived at Ft. Kearney this
morning. Found it situated on a pleasant level piece of ground a short
distance from the Platte and north of a range of hills. There are 25 or
30 houses in the town. This place unpretending, as it is, must have
cost United States quite a sum of money. On our arrival at Ft. Kearney
we found that the officials were holding trains to get 400 wagons in
number to travel together for mutual protection against the indians and
our boss Mr. Henry House was asked to go up to the Commanding Office
with the balance of the wagon bosses and they informed the colonel that
with our train, they now had enough wagons to make up the desired
number. The commanding office at the post at Ft. Kearney notified us
that we would have to select one of the wagon bosses to be appointee as
captain to conduct the outfit. The men all sang out HENRY HOUSE. Henry
House but he excused himself stating that there was a great many older
men in the party, but they insisted that he should be the one and so
the appointed our boss and the colonel regularly appointed him captain
and he took charge of the outfit. We had to travel in abreast of four
wagons so that the indians could not have a chance to run in on us to
capture the outfit. After we passed Ft. Kearney and arrived at Cotton
Wood, the smoke of 7 wagons was still showing and 7 men laying dead
that had just been scalped by the indians. we dug a grave and rolled
the men in some blankets and buried them. As the indians were on horses
and headed the other way we were unable to follow them.

 
Sept 13th
We had a vary uncomfortable night last night, it rained heavy wetting
through the wagon sheet and the blankets on the bed. This morning we
got the first scare from the indians. Some five or six men on horseback
road over the bluffs toward the rain. We thought they were indians but
they proved to be white men. This afternoon we saw a scene of indians
depredation and murder a ranch burnt and in it a woman and two
children. Their graves are close to the ranch. In the evening we passed
Plumb Creek saw the graves in which were buried the men who had been
killed there 12 in number, and the pieces of burnt wagons. The men were
found by a train returning from Denver and buried as decently as the
circumstances would admit. we camped about three quarters from their
graves.

Sept 14th
This morning we passed a place where the indians had recently encamped.
From all appearances they must have numbered several hundreds. The road
as we passed showed every indication of the terror of the inhabitants,
they have left there all and gone to some place for safety. We stopped
at noon at a ranch of rather a better description than common. The boys
made quite free of what was left in the house, but a Sergeant of the
Army new stationed at Plumb Creek came up and on the information of a
woman belonging to the Mormon train, were compelled to carry back all
they had taken. It is reported that 5 tribes of hostile indians are
concentrating at Ash Hollow, some twenty five miles from the road we
travel and not more than eighty miles from where we are now.

Sept 15th
Met two large trains on their return from Denver who say there are no
indians on the road, but do not consider the road safe this evening.
The boss went ahead of the train on horseback with the boss of the
Mormon train. They saw four men coming near the Bluffs about one half
mile south of them, seemingly with the intention of cutting them off
from the train.

Sept 16th
As we passed a deserted ranch this morning we saw four other men who
had stopped there during the night, no doubt these are the men seen by
the bosses last night. We passed the indians grave this morning and we
hitched up after noon, and just as we were ready to start there came on
a very heavy rain storm and wind. The cattle wanted to go before the
wind and the teams got tangled up and we had great difficulty to keep
them in their places.

 
Sept 17th
Corralled about 10 o'clock, having driven about miles. We passed
another scene of indian depredation and cruelty. The ranch burnt and
the owner killed. Passed Cotton Wood springs this afternoon. Here is
the first sign of life we have seen since we left Kearney. This is a
nice little village containing 2 or 3 stores and about 40 houses. there
is here a fort of rude construction or rather a breast work which has
been raised here since the indians difficulties. Part of the fort is a
stockade. Tonight we have heard of fresh indian difficulties and of one
ranch being burnt about 40 miles from Cotton Wood. We drove quite late
tonight. Big Jim left with soldiers to go to Denver. The soldiers,
however were sent to fight the indians who burnt the ranch on Friday.
The indians were supposed to be on the north side of the river. When he
found out they were going across the river, he left them and took a
backward drive. We met him on the road. Oh, yes he was back, but about
the time dinner was ready he came into camp. The boss looked at him and
said Jim you did not fight the indians worth a damn. Corralled at noon
on Fremont Slough and at night near a ranch on a bluff where we were
joined by three other teams.

Sept 19th
We are constantly meeting trains on their return. They all say they
have found no difficulty from the indians. We are corralled today again
on Freemont Slough. It is reported that an indian has been killed at
the bar above O'Fallens bluff. Some men were camped there and the
indian was discovered lurking among the bushes. Two or three men went
to bring him in. They heard him and fired their pistols at him. he ran
back to the bushes. After creeping through them for a while. He started
from the bushes towards the bluff. By this time the men had got out
their rifles, fired at him and killed him. O'Fallens's Bluff is the
place where the train was attacked by 48 indians, two days before. We
camped before sundown about two miles from the bluffs.
Sept 20th
This morning showed signs of being close to indians. Within a hundred
yards of our camp were seen fresh indian tracks made during the night
and about one mile from camp we crossed an indian trail, from the
appearance of which it is supposed they had between 200 or 300 ponies.
We passed this morning a ranch which had been burnt down within these
two days. The ranch burnt was Bakers Ranch. There is another ranch
burnt a short distance which is known as the Buckskin Ranch. The
indians seen to be crossing to the north side of the Platte. This
afternoon a stage passed us going west. The first we have seen since we
left Fort Kearney.

Sept 21st
At a ranch about three miles from where we stopped last night 2 stages
stopped for the night. One from the East and the other from the West.
One of our herdsman while on hard today found a musket and a pair of
spurs.

 
Sept 21st (cont)
There was also a loose pony grasing close by, it is reported today that
the soldiers and Pawnee Indians has surprised the hostile indians at
Ash Hollow. The Sioux stated they had done nothing and did not intend
to. After considerable talking they concluded to go to Kearney. The
same report says that the indians are anxious to come to terms and live
peaceable for the future.

Sept 22nd
This morning we passed another scene of indian outrage. A ranch burnt
and a man killed. We passed an indian camp. They were on the north side
of the river. the fact of their being so close to the river in such an
exposed place would show that they do not intend to continue their
depredations. There were 34 tents in the encampment and was made up
mostly of women and children. They belonged to the Sioux tribe and were
in charge of some white men who were taking them to Cottonwood. At the
first ranch we passed since dinner, we saw some squaws and papooses.
The store of the ranch was open. This was the first ranch we had seen
doing business since we have been on the Platte. A detachment of
soldiers was here on their return from Ialesburgh. We passed a ranch
later in the evening at which there were three indian lodges and quite
a number of bucks, squaws, papooses.

Sept 23rd
Three oxen died last night from the effect of alkali and more are sick.
The herd was very much scattered this morning. We have been at least
two hours yoking and all the cattle are not in yet.

Sept 24th
Several more cattle have died during the day and night, causing great
inconvenience beside delaying the train. If the cattle continue to die
at this rate we shall scarcely be able to get the train to Denver.
Arrived at Jalesburgh and corralled.

Sept 25th
The Mormons leave us here. They have lost several cattle, but not as
many as we have. The reason assigned is that their cattle are old and
accustomed to the plains while ours are mostly young cattle. We left
one load of corn here and two wagons. the teams will be divided up
among the other teams.

Sept 26th
Our cattle still continue to die. Two stages have passed us today. One
going East and the other West, bearing the initials V.S.M.

Sept 27th
We lost no cattle last night. The weather is generally warm during the day and cold at night almost a frost.

 
Sept 28th
I forgot to mention that before the Mormons left us that our night
herders had been in the habit of going to the Mormon train and getting
some of the luxuries from the owner of the train. One night they went
there determined to get a keg of whiskey but failed. They then tried to
get the bosses pistol and knife, but it was fastened to him with a belt
so they failed in getting anything but a large jack knife. This morning
we had a very cold wind. After starting it rained heavily, very cold
disagreeable weather while it lasted but cleared up about 11 o'clock,
and the sun came out very hot and scorching. Toward night it again
became very cold and chilly

Sept 29th
Passed an encampment of soldiers, one of whom came into our camp at
noon and asked if we had any guns. As there was a deer on the island
which we could shoot on being told we had none he said we were very
brave or not afraid of dying when we dared travel this road without
arms to defend ourselves. My impression is that neither assertion is
correct. We depended on chance which proved favorable, but deserved
punishment.

Sept 30th
Our cattle continue to die at a fearful rate. I fear we shall not have
enough to take us through. The stages are running regularly from Denver
to Kearney. Passed Beaver Creek in the evening which has a soft sandy
bottom, heavy drawing for the cattle, after which we had to pay toll.
Just after the sun went down we saw two peaks of mountains which we
were informed was Long's peak. The boys in our camp were quite
rejoiced, expecting soon to come to the end of the journey.

Oct 1st
This morning we can see the Rocky Mountains looking to the distance
like fleecy clouds. Today we are out of meat and the cook of our mess
has got the chills and fever, a deplorable place to be sick in, no
medical aid whatever, not even rest unless the jolting of the wagon can
be called rest. Saw a young Antelope today, they are very pretty.

Oct 2nd
It rained heavily last night. The weather is quite cold today. We
passed a small creek today called the Beaseau. On this creek the
indians have killed an old man, his son and hired man. The indian who
took their scalps, was caught and sent to Kearney. after coming down a
very steep sandy hill, we corralled in a very pretty bottom at one end
of Freemont's orchard.

 
Oct 3rd
This morning we went over Freemont's hill close to the orchard. We
doubled our teams to draw up the hill which on account of the sand. Was
found to be insufficient. We were obliged to put on more teams so that
we could get up the hill. the teams were increased to 18 yoke of oxen.
After getting up the hill we corralled for breakfast.

Oct 4th
The herd is being scatted this morning and it was late before we got
started. We came but ten miles today and the cattle are almost tired
out.

Oct 5th
Beside a passing some heavy sand bottoms nothing particular occurred today.

Oct 6th
Being short of provisions, the boss traded off some corn for pork.

Oct 7th
Nothing particular occurred today.

Oct 8th
The boss started this morning for Denver. We passed some wheat stacks
today. The first we have seen since we left the indian reservation in
Kansas.

Oct 9th
Corralled this morning for breakfast within six miles of Denver. The
boss returned and said we should remain in camp until we herd from
Akers.

Oct 10th and 11th
Still lying in camp. No word from Mr. Akers.

Oct 12th
The boss went to town this morning and found that Mr Akers had arrived
and that the freight would have to be taken Beazou Basin, some 60 or 70
miles from Denver. he returned to camp about one hour and a half after
dark and found the night herders had not yet gone to the herd and spoke
to them about it. One of them reported angrily and the boss got angry
and the herder swallowed his own words. the consequence of the
altercation was that one went on herd and the other hired a man for
$2.00 to herd for him on the principal of the negro hiring the white
man to cut wood. Worth something to the boss.

Oct 13
Some of the boys took their discharge this morning and went to Denver.
We got on the road later then usual, passing Denver leaving it on our
right hand and corralled at noon on Cherry Creek, about four miles from
Denver. Lay in camp repairing wagons in the afternoon.

Oct 14th
Traveled all day along the bottom of Cherry Creek. This bottom and also
the bottom of the Platte around Denver shows unmistakable evidence of
the freshot last spring. hundreds of acres of find land has been either
washed away or covered with sand and debris but where the land remains
it is very fruitful but needs irrigation for vegetables. I have seen
here some of the finest onions and potatoes I have ever seen.

Oct 15th
We left Cherry Creek before noon and after passing a very sandy bottom
in which we had to double our teams, we corralled on Sulphir Springs.
This is a sand gulch. the water rises, after running about 100 yards,
sinks again into the sand. Corralled at night on Running Creek about 8
o' clock P.M.

Oct 16th
Crossed the creek this morning and was delayed by the team having
difficulty in pulling through. There is an encampment of soldiers close
to the place where we corralled at. Went over several bad hills and
corralled about four miles from where we started. The weather very
disagreeable and the snow falling fast. On one of the hills are the
graves of four men who had been killed by the indians in 1860. We
crossed Running Creek three times during the day. The last place we
crossed was close to a steam saw mill in full blast with planing
machine attached. The men at the mill had fastened slabs to their
houses and cut loop holes so that they could defend themselves from the
indians. We had to repair the bridge here before we could cross.

Oct 17th
We turned off Running Creek early this morning. This country is very
romantic. in one of the ravines, saw 6 antelope. The boss fired at
them, but did not get one. we corralled for breakfast on the Riowha,
the bottom of which seems to be good land and well cultivated. After
crossing the Riowha we turned up a very romantic ravine of pine land
and timbered on each side. On the south side the mountains were steep,
the tremendous rocks seemed as if torn to pieces by some convulsion.
red pine grows up the sides of these mountains to the summit, yet the
plains above seem destitute of timber. At length we arrived at the
summit of the bluffs and began to descend into the valley of the basin.
A more beautiful place it is difficult to imagine.

 
Oct 17 (cont)
The valley is some 5 to 6 miles in extent and is cut in two by a belt
of timber. The east and north sides are pent in by almost perpendicular
mountains of considerable height while on the west and south rises in
gradual bluffs to about the same height as the mountains. Red pine
grows up the side of the mountains, while on the bluffs they appear
like lawns planted by the hand of man. To add to it natural beauty
there are some good farms in the valley and potatoes, wheat and
vegetables grows in great abundance. It is well watered by numerous
streams and springs.

Oct 18th
We expected to unload immediately on our arrival, but the soldiers for
whom our freight is for have not yet arrived, the reason assigned is
their saddles and arms have not yet arrived at Denver. Some of our men
went out today to hunt antelope and returned after night without game,
footsore and weary.

Oct 19th
About noon today 6 companies of Cavalry arrived in martial array with a
train of 60 mule wagons and camped about three quarters of a mile from
us.

Oct 20th
Started this morning before sunrise for the soldiers camp to unload,
which was accomplished about 2 o'clock P.M. We then drove to Riowha and
corralled for the night on the same ground we corralled on Monday noon.
After the soldiers came to the basin. Last night some of the soldiers
went to a house convenient and found a man filling up a hole. They ask
him what he was doing, he said his wife died yesterday and he was
burying her. Being in dought about the soldiers raising the body, he
kept watch over the pit. Sure enough during the night some soldiers
came there found him, gagged and tied him and then dug for the body,
but found potatoes, some of which they appropriated to their own use
and left the man lying. The night was freezing. Some hours after more
soldiers paid the grave a visit and liberated him.

Oct 21st
Started early and corralled for breakfast close to the saw mill that we
passed on the 16th. Close to where we corralled the soldiers had killed
a two year old steer belonging to one of the settlers. We arrived at
Suplher Springs late, having driven a good while after dark.

Oct 22nd
Got a good start this morning and corralled for breakfast on Cherry
Creek with 14 miles of Denver and stopped at night about four miles
from Denver. The boss went to Denver this morning and returned late at
night. Mr Akers has gone to Leavenworth and the cattle have to be taken
to Clear Creek.

 
Oct 23rd
We started after breakfast for Clear Creek, past through Denver,
crossed the Platte, corralled on the west side of Clear Creek about 1
o'clock P.M.

I now bid the bull whacking farewell. I have been with the train
through a long tedious and perilous journey. I have received nothing
but kindness at the hands of all the men belonging to the train from
whom I part with regret. These few remarks on every days journey I
present with pleasure to my friend Mr. House and hope that if I ever go
bull whacking again, he will be my boss.
With sincere regards I now bid him and his assistant Issac Haight farewell.

Signed Thomas Pomeroy

Read More

Haight, Martha Adelia (Dec 21, 1845 – Dec 27, 1910) by Rose House Neeley & Cora House Mortensen

BIOGRAPHY

MARTHA ADELIA HAIGHT HOUSE

1845 – 1910

Written by Rose House Neeley & Cora House Mortensen 1940

 

To My Mother

The memory of my mother does not serve
In any public place
Tis always near the firside
I see her well-loved face
Tis time has made the daguerretype
More beautiful by far
Than any painted picture
Of any living star

 
Martha Adelia Haight daughter of David Bateman Haight and Clarissa
Richmyre (or Buckrnyre) was born December 21, 1845 in Nauvoo, Illinois.
She was the sixth child of a family of nine. Mother's parents resided
in Nauvoo for some time.

[M]other learned to walk there, Later when her father's people left
Nauvoo for Utah, Her father with his family moved to Weston, Missouri,
where mother grew to womanhood. She was reared in a comfortable home.
Her father was not a slave owner, but had negro servants. He was not
allowed to pay them in money, but gave them clothes and food.

Mother lived a normal life, learning to sew and cook and enjoyed the
social activities of the time. Mother said they used to have corn
husking bees, followed by a big barbecue dinner and dance. They also
had "candy pulls". Horse back riding was their greatest sport. Mother
was an excellent rider and found plenty of excitement in jumping the
toll gates.

One day mother's brother Isaac, who was a wagon master for the
government, came home for a vacation and with him was a very handsome
dark-eyed young man, in blue uniform. When mother saw him, it was a
case of love at first sight, his name was Henry Clay House. He was a
wagon master and scout for the government and friend of her brother
Isaac and had come to spend a few days with him at his home. Mother was
a slender beautiful girl with brown hair and blue eyes. She and Henry
saw a great deal of each other, and at the age of nineteen she became
his bride. They were married April 21, 1865 at her parent[']s home in
Weston, Missouri. Mother made a lovely bride, dressed in a soft white
lawn dress, full hoop skirt trimmed with ruffles and lace. Father's
work for the government, took him from home nearly all the time, so
Mother remained with her parents in Weston, Mo. for some time. Her
first child a son George Nelson House, was born there on August 20,
1866. Later they established a home at Leavenworth, Kansas. So father
and mother could be nearer each other. Their second child a daughter
was born there on August 20, 1869. They named her Beatrice Clay. Father
was now mustered out from government service. They moved from
Leavenworth, locating on a farm near Winchester. Here two more children
were born Henry Adolphus born March 26, 1871 and Olive Rose born
September 11, 1872. This was a typical Kansas farm a conforable [sic]
house, with a cistern near the kitchen door, a cool milk house on the
outside and large bins in the indoor cellar for storing apples and etc.
Broad acres of grain and an apple orchard and shade trees and large
rope swings for the enjoyment of the children. In 1873 father sold the
farm and bought a hotel in Winchester naming it "The Henry House".
Mother being an excellent cook had the cooking in charge for the hotel.
While living at the hotel, mother had three more children born,
Benjamin Harvey born May 18, 1875, who passed away May 27, 1875 at the
age of nine days, Laura Lorraine born May 26, 1876 and Francis Bert
born December 21, 1879. Mother now had a family of seven children of
whom six were living. She continued on with her work at the hotel and
also caring for her family, until her health began to break. Father
then sold out his business interest in Winchester and moved to
Garrison, Kansas. Her[e] another daughter was born, Martha Delilah on
November 20, 1881. Shortly after father moved his family to Clay
Center, Kansas.

[Page 1]

Mother's health did not improve. Her brother in law Hyrum House thought
if they came to Utah, she would feel better, so in 1883, with seven
children and a few possessions consisting of her Howe sewing machine, a
few treasured dishes and keepsakes, some bedding and provisions,
boarded an immigrant train for Utah. [A]fter a long and tiresome
journey they arrived in Corinne, Utah with $15.00 in their possessions.
Hard years were ahead for mother, she endured many privations and
hardships. Not afraid of work and with the aid of the children, she
helped provide for her family and also helped father to establish a
permanent home in Utah. February 20, 1884 another daughter was born,
Cora Elnora in Corinne, Utah. From this time on mother had many heart
aches and lonely times.

She never had the pleasure of seeing any of her brothers and sisters
again; her parents having passed away before she left Kansas. Her
children loved her dearly and tried every way they could to be of
service to her. Father did considerable moving around for the next
several years. While he was foreman of the Promontory Livestock
Company, mother and her older daughter with employed help used to cook
three meals a day for eighteen to twenty men besides her caring for her
family, baking bread, pies and cakes for this big crowd. Washing and
ironing, heating the old fashioned irons on her cook stove and keeping
the fire going with wood. While living on the Promontory, another son
was born, David Willman (Bateman) on March 10, 1887. Later the family
moved back to Corinne, where Mother's last and eleventh child was born,
Roy Ruby born April 19, 1890.

The Southern Pacific owned a hotel at Promontory Station, Mother leased
this hotel and with the help of her daughters conducted it for several
years, while Father was proving up on his farm land;, which he had
filed on. This land was six miles west of Corinne and the farm is still
in possession of the children.

After a house was built, mother with her younger children moved to the
farm. [H]er four oldest children had married. She made a comfortable
home here for Father and her children. From this home, her daughters
Laura, Martha and Cora were married. Her life was not all hardships,
she was a good mother, friend and neighbor. Wherever she lived, she
made a host of friends and was happy in her association with them. She
was every ready to help in sickness and sorrow and helped many families
who were in need, being very handy with her needle in remodeling and
making over clothing, quilts, etc. [w]hich was a great help to those
needing them. While living in Kansas, she and father took their
children on picnics, gathering grapes and nuts in abundance, such as
black walnuts, Hazel nuts and pecans. In due time all her children
married but her two youngest sons. She enjoyed visiting her children
and grand-children and their joys and sorrows were hers. We enjoyed
family re-unions and visits in her home.

Mother cooked such lovely things, always fixing something extra that
she knew we liked. On August 14, 1907 occurred the first death in the
family in all these years, her son-in-law Arthur C. Neeley, husband of
her daughter Rose passed away, which was a real sorrow to her. On
January 8, 1910, her daughter Martha wife of Ben H. Card, passed away.
This was a tragedy indeed. For mother loved her dearly and had worried
exceedingly over her as she had been seriously ill for a year before
her passing.

[Page 2]

 
Mother had many worries in her life, she was constantly uneasy about
father during the long years he worked for the government as scout and
wagon master, also nursing her children through serious illness, so
these later troubles took their toll. Mother['s] health was undermined
by grieving. In December of 1910, she visited her children living in
Ogden and Brigham City. She returned to her home and made preparation
for a family gathering, when she took a hard chill, which developed
into pneumonia and she passed away December 27, 1910 at the age of 65
years.

She was deeply mourned by her husband and children and her memory lives
on in their lives. Her funeral services were held in the Presbyterian
Church at Corinne on January 3, 1911 and she was laid away for her
final rest, in the Corinne Cemetery.

Where crystal streams through endless years
Flow over golden sands, and where the old grow young again
I'll clasp my Mother's hands

[Page 3]

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Flint, Mary (Aug 21, 1868 – Jul 18, 1966) by Herself

SKETCH OF MY LIFE -MARY FLINT HOUSE

Written in this year of 1958. By Mary Flint House

I was born the 21st of August 1868 at Calls Fort, Utah, a daughter of
William and Georgiana Knighton Flint. I was born in a DUGOUT, and
father said it was an awful hard, cold winter. There was a family by
the name of Graham who were living in a wagon box and the snow nearly
covered it up, so father invited them to come and stay with us, that
made 10 of us living in the DUGOUT.

The first home I remember was a one room log cabin with a fire place,
we used this fire place to cook our meals on. There was a grain bin in
the south end of this cabin and we children slept upon the grain, with
a tick filled with straw.

Our next home was a two room log cabin with a slope on the back, it had
a dirt roof and a fire place, we also had a cook stove in this home.
About the time we got this new home, my mother left my father with four
of us children to care for. My older sister Elizabeth was about 9 years
old, I being nearly 6 years old and my brother John who was born in
England before they came to America was around 18 or a little older.
With the help of the neighbors we got along fine. They would come every
spring and fall to clean our house, and when my sister and I were old
enough they taught us hot to make our clothes and knit our stockings.

As I grew older I went out and took care of children, all I ever
received were a few clothes. We used to have lots of snow in those
days, which would make the deer come down out of the hills and hollows
looking for feed, they would walk right over the fences and got into
the hay stacks.

I remember one winter I did not have any shoes, and no money to buy any
with, so father told me if I would shuck out some corn he would take it
to Corinne and get me some shoes. I had to clean the snow away and put
some straw on the ground, so I could shuck the corn, after I had it all
shucked, father took it to Corinne and got me some shoes.

We had to walk one mile to school, and not having any coats to wear, we
pinned a little shawl around our shoulders and a scarf on out heads, we
also did not have any overshoes and our feet would be wet all day long.
We had a good teacher, his name was Joseph Standing. After school was
out he went on a mission and while on this mission, he was shot to
death. I can still remember seeing his mother with her gray hair
sitting beside his coffin in a black calico dress, it was a sad sight.

 
I saw Brigham Young the last time he was in Brigham City, I was just a
young girl at the time, we all came down from Calls Fort to see him, he
looked so grand. We had all lined up on Forrest Street so we could
watch him as he drove by in his buggy pulled by a span of white horses.

They had a bowery with willows on the top for shade and planks to sit
on while he spoke to the people. That day we all went home very happy,
because we had seen our President of the Church.

I remember the first sugar I ever saw, father got about a pound and he
hung it up in the top of the house, my little brother was about four
years old, we thought we would like to see what it tasted like so got
it down and tasted it. All we had ever had for sweetening was honey and
molasses and all the fruit we had was dried, we even dried pumpkin,
even though we didn't have every thing we were happy, and I will never
forget my wonderful father and mother even though our mother left us
when we were small, she brought us to this world and gave us life for
which I am very grateful, because if she had not born us into this
world we would not be here now. Even after my mother left my father, he
never did say an unkind word about her and he taught us children to not
do it either, even after she remarried and just lived across the road
from us.

As I grew older I used to go and do washings all day for the neighbors,
scrubbing it all on a board and for this work I received fifty cents a
day. I also worked for women around the neighborhood after they had
their babies.

When I was 18 years old I went out to Promontory with a Mrs Hunsaker to
help cook for a crew of men that were working in the hay fields, they
were working for a man by the name of H. C. House. I worked for Mrs
Hunsaker until all the hay was put up, then I went to work for the
House family. I worked all winter for them, going home in the summer.
In the fall I went back to work for them and they then moved to
Corinne, where Mr House took a job with a Mr Tarpey to help build a
fence, they also built a five room house, it was built where Tremonton
now stands.

There was also another family by the name of Bill Johnson living there.
[T]his was in November, then on New Years day January 1889, Mr House's
oldest son George and I were married. That year the Bear River Canal
was started and my husband worked on it. It was just a sage brush
valley and after he was through working there, we went out to Raft
River where my husband worked for the Promontory Live Stock Company.
From there we moved back to Corinne and my husband again worked on the
canal. While we were in Corinne our first child and daughter Gladys
Elizabeth was born on October 25., 1889. My husband had gone out to
work for the Promontory Company again, then in the spring I went out to
live and we worked for this company for nineteen years. My brother
William Flint also worked for this company.

 
I have had a lot of experiences during my early life on Promontory and
during the many years that I lived here, they have been a great reward
in my life. One time there was a sick lady living with her family in a
little shack on the side of a hill, there was no floor in this shack,
just a dirt floor. It was two days before Christmas and the weather was
awfully cold, so I said to my husband, "Let's take some of our
children's toys up to their children" they had three small children. We
got the team and hooked them to the sleigh. When we got there her
husband was out hunting rabbits so they would have some meat to eat.
This lady was sitting by the stove trying to keep warm, she was very
sick, and she thought she was going to have a baby, I asked her if she
wouldn't like to come down to my place and stay as there was a mid-wife
that lived about two miles from my place, She said she would like to
come, so I went home and cleaned up a room that stood just a few steps
from our door.

They brought her down the day before Christmas and we got her settled
in this room, then she made the request that no one come to see her
except her brother as she said she didn't feel too good and could
hardly breath[e.]

Our house being the largest one out there at the time, was a gathering
place for all the neighbors to come, so this Christmas day they had all
met at our place to celebrate Christmas. There were seven families out
there at that time. After our Christmas dinner was over, the dishes
done, and the families had all gone home, this sick lady's husband came
after me and said he thought his wife Viola was dying, so I went back
with him and I had just stepped in the room as she passed away. She had
what they called dropsey. It was a sad thing for a young mother to pass
away and leave three small children. In those days it was the custom
for people to sit with the dead, so the men took turns sitting, they
had to let the fire go out so as to keep the body cold. [S]ome of the
women there had laid her out and covered her with a sheet, so when it
came time for the next fellow to go sit, as he opened the door the
breeze from the door moved the sheet and he shot out of the room and
came to us and said that the woman was still alive, so my husband and
my brother William went in to see and found out it was just the breeze
from the door that had made the sheet move.

My brother William took this woman in her casket to Brigham in our
wagon across the flats and when he returned, he said he was sure scared
all the way over as he was just sure she would raise up any minute and
get out, and he was sure glad when he got the casket delivered. We laid
her away Nice.

It was cold at this time that it froze the small calves feet, and some of them Bad their feet fall off at the ankle[.]

Our second child and another daughter Verlie Ione was born on July 26, 1891.

 

A few years later during a cold winter, I got a call about 2 o'clock in
the morning that one of our neighbor women was very sick, it was
snowing and blowing so hard you could hardly see, but my husband got
the team and wagon and took me up to the place and soon after we got
there a baby arrived, so I had to do the best I could. His lady was Mrs
Ray Smith from Brigham City. We got along fine, but
I had to go home to my two small children, so they got a Mrs Stokes to
come and stay. I had a lot of trying times and I met them to the back
[best?] of my ability, and did the best I could at all times. My
sister-in-laws husband passed away and she had to go to work to make a
living, so we took her boy and kept with us for seven summers. He is
surely a fine boy, his name is Arthur Neeley.

Our oldest girl was a year and a half old when we went to work for this
cattle company and we had from five to twenty men to cook for, and we
baked as many as sixteen loaves of bread a day. We received 15 cents a
meal for each of the men that we cooked for and thought we were doing
fine.

When we first went to Promontory there were only two families living
there, but more families kept moving in until there were over thirty
families living there at one time.

The Stokes family that lived farther south had to move up to where we
were living in the winter time so they could send their children to
school. I also boarded some children that lived see f[a]r away from the
school, so they would have to chance to go to school. My brother
William married one of the Stokes girls, she was Nellie Stokes. I have
many times made dresses and shirts for some of their children.
 
Our third child and only son was born on October 7, 1896. Before we
left the cattle company our eldest daughter got married and had a boy
of her own. After we left the cattle company, we bought a small farm of
our own and we make our living on it by raising turkeys, chickens,
cows, pigs and wheat. We also raised some vegetables. We lived on this
farm until my husband passed away on June 2, 1935 from a stroke.

A few years before my husband passed away, we got word that another
lady was sick about 2 o'clock in the morning and wanted to know if we
could take her to Penrose to where her sister lived, she was going to
have a baby and we had just got to her sisters and got her sister out
of bed and this woman in, when her baby was born, we didn't even have
time to take her clothes off.

After my husband passed away I moved to Brigham City to live in the
home we had purchased a few years before. I think the Lord must have
sent me here for I have had the best neighbors, they have all been so
good to me and are always doing some thing to help me out. I will name
a few of them, they being Mrs Frank Jensen, Mrs Mildred Snow, who had
passed away.

 
Mrs Tanner, Mrs Korth, the Poulsen girls, Lorna Harper, Mrs Mabel Wilson, Mrs Ernest Hansen and many others, too many to name.

I have three wonderful children, a good daughter-in-law, a good son-in-law and many grandchildren.

I enjoy very much my three children, eleven grandchildren, thirty seven
great grandchildren and fourteen great, great grandchildren.

My son Clay took me up to the Calls Fort Grave Yard last evening,
August 10, 1958. I guess it will be my last trip up there as I am
getting weaker every day, I will be ninety years old in ten days, my
days are getting shorter all the time, but a wonderful life will soon
be mine when I meet my loved ones on the other side, who have gone
before me. My life has been a wonderful one even though I have had to
put up with many hardships during my life time. I feel very thankful
for the life I have had and [i]n being blessed with my children and all
my many grandchildren. I have had to work very hard, but feel that it
has been a great blessing to me.

P.S. I just remembered some things that happened when my son Clay was a
year old and it was awful cold and he was just starting to walk, so I
told my husband to bring in some gunny sacks as we had no covering on
the floor. I cut these sacks into squares and sewed them together and
made a rug. I put some straw on the floor and the rug I had made from
the sacks over the straw which made it much warmer. My son is now sixty
two years old and has been a wonderful son too. I have now passed my
ninetieth year and my wonderful neighbors still keep me going. Sister
Tanner comes in nearly every day and with her encouragement I keep
going, all my neighbors are so good to me. I wish to give my love to
all of them.
Sister Mary House

 
An added post script

On this day Tuesday March 17, 1959 I was taken to Relief Society and
was honored as the oldest member of the ward, which filled my heart
with much joy to think that the people think so much of me, and to give
me such an honor.

On March 21, 1959 the old folks of Brigham City were honored at the
Central School, Brother Nephi J. Valentine, Sister Sarah Josephson and
myself were seated at one table as being the oldest people there.

Sister Josephson being ninety two, brother Valentine and myself being
ninety. We were all given beautiful potted plants, mine was a beautiful
hydrangea. I will soon celebrate my ninety first birthday which is on
August 21st.

My older brother John never did marry and he passed away on February
24, 1923. My younger brother William passed away on March 5, 1951, My
older sister Elizabeth moved to Idaho to live after she was married,
she will celebrate her ninety third birthday, which is on August 8th.
Another happy thing happened to me on the 23rd day of August of this
year 1959. My daughter Gladys, her son George and his wife Caroline
took me up to Idaho to visit with my sister Elizabeth, we had a very
enjoyable visit, as we felt it would be the last time we would see one
another alive as she was surely feeble and has been in poor health.

I have spent most of my time there last few years crocheting doilies to
give to my grandchildren, nieces and to sell to some of my neighbors
who wanted to buy them, I am not able to do many of them of late as my
eye sight is failing me.

 
Another post script

On this day March 11, 1960 I Virginia Flint Kotter spent a very
enjoyable hour and half with my Aunt Mary Flint, and I feel ashamed
that I do not take the time to visit [w]ith her more often. It seems
that we are living in too fast of a world and always going at a fast
rate, that we do not take the time like we should to visit our elderly
relatives and neighbors, then after they have passed on we regret that
we didn't visit them more often.

She ask[ed] me if I would write up some copies of her life history, in
doing so I have added some things that she mentioned while we were
visiting which I thought should be in her history which would add a
greater message of the life she has lived. When I went to see her today
she was busy washing and stretching her doilies, getting ready for
house cleaning day. She claims it is hard for her to see and get around
very easy, but I just hope that when I am nearly as old as she is that
I will be able to get around as easy as she does for a lady her age.

Aunt Mary is the last one of her family of two boys and two girls
living, as her sister and my aunt Elizabeth passed away on January 28,
1960 of this year. [N]inety three is a nice ripe age to live too, and
of the many memories they have acquired as well as the blessings,
hardships and heart aches they have encountered in their life time. In
some way ninety three seems a long time to live and then again it is
just a short ninety three years to gathered all the things they have in
their life time.

May God bless Aunt Mary with every blessing that she will need in her
last years upon this earth and I hope that she has a few more years
here in which she may be able to enjoy her family and friends that have
been so good and kind to her. Not many people live to such a rich ripe
old age and be able to enjoy them and to be spry as Aunt Mary is
despite what she says about it being so hard for her to get around.

Again I say unto you, God bless you Aunt Mary for the good life you
have had and the many blessings which have been yours through out these
many years upon this earth. Amen

From one of your nieces
Virginia Flint Kotter

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Flint, William (Feb 17, 1825 – Apr 18, 1901)

WILLIAM FLINT

William Flint was born February 17, 1825 in Sutton, Derbyshire, England to John Flint and Elizabeth Sheppard.

William married Charlotte Limb on July 1, 1850. On February 22, 1855
Charlotte gave birth to a male infant who died at birth. Records
indicate that Charlotte died the same day.

William re-married Gerogeania Knighton on October 7, 1855 at the Parish Church in Brampton, Derbyshire, England.

Their first child John Knighton Flint was born 15 January 1857 and the
second child was George born May 16, 1861 both in Chesterfield,
Derbyshire, England.

Sometime between 1861 and 1864 they join[ed] the LDS Church and on
[the] 21st of May 1864 they boarded the ship "General McClellan"
sailing for America.

The following excerpts are taken from journals of passengers on the McClellan during their voyage across the Atlantic Ocean.

We were thirty two days on the ocean and had a good voyage for a
sailing vessel. There were 903 passengers on board and during the
voyage the[re] was one death one birth and one marriage. One night in a
dense fog our ship struck a monstrous iceberg and was nearly wrecked,
it was a fearful experience. Everything that was not lashed down tight
was thrown from side to side. [T]he cries of woman and children, the
shouts of men, the bumping of the ship against the iceberg made it seem
as if two monsters were trying to beat each other to pieces and the
great floating mountain of ice would overwhelm the sturdy ship and sink
her in the deep sea with all on board. But it was not to be so, we were
in the hands of the "master of ocean and earth and skies.
We landed in New York at Castle Gardens and after being processed we
were loaded on to a paddle boat and went up the Hudson River to Albany.
The reason everyone was sent north is because of the Civil War between
the Northern and Southern States. The ship "General McClellan" on her
return to England was sank off the coast of New York by a southern ship
the "Alabama".
From Albany, New York they boarded a train to Rochester and then on to
Buffalo, the[re] they crossed into Canada and onto Michigan then
traveled on the Michigan Central Railroad to Chicago and then on to
Quincy, Illinois and then to St Joseph, Missouri.
After reaching the Missouri River they were met by the "Over and Back
Wagon Trains" from Salt Lake and taken across the plains to Salt Lake
Valley.

No records are available on where they lived after arriving in Salt
Lake, but on August 8, 1866 they had a daughter Elizabeth born at Calls
Fort, Harper, Box Elder, Utah. Also born at Calls Fort was Mary, born
August 21, 1868, William Henry born August 1, 1871 and Sarah Ann born
and died in 1873.

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